Crushing machine



March 18, 1952 H, COHEN 2,589,603

CRUSHING MACHINE Filed April 26. 1949 Figi. ffy. a.

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I l fzzventar;

Patented Mar. 18, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CRUSHING MACHINE Herman Cohen, Brookline, Mass.

Application April 26, 1949, Serial N o. 89,616

(olf 241-102) 7 Claims.

This invention relates to crushing machines and pertains more particularly to apparatus for crushing and breaking lumps of coal, ores, or other mined material of a stratified or laminated nature.

The use of the improved crusher is particularly desirable in breaking lmnps of anthracite coal as it comes'from the mine, and after a major portion of the waste material, such as bone. slate. and ash has been removed. For many years it has been the conventional practice to crush coal between metal rolls, the surfaces of which are yprovided with rigid teeth or the like; and it has invariablybeen found that approximately 50% of the anthracite coal broken in the conventional crusher is composed of very small fragments or dust having exceedingly low marketable valuey as compared with the dsirable graded sizes commonly identified as lump, egg, stove, nut, and pea, which are marketable at profitable prices per ton. Hence. the return to the coal producer is based very largely upon the sale of only onehalf of the clear mined coal, which can be broken into the desirable sizes, and the prospective profit from the mined coal is greatly reduced because the other half of the tonnage must be sold at much lower prices.

It is accordingly the principal purpose of the present invention to provide coal crushing apparatus which will substantially increase thevproportion of the desirable sizes of saleable coal, by reducing the proportion which is broken into small fragments or dust. It will be evident that a relatively small increase in the output of saleable sizes from a given tonnage of mined coal will substantially increase the profits of the producer, in View of the heavy tonnage which is crushed daily, particularly by the large operators.

This purpose is achieved by providing crushing rolls equipped with rigid metal members which "are removably mounted in or on resilient cushioning members secured to the periphery of the drums, and which are iiexibly supported by resilient cushioning elements permitting a yielding lateral or tilting movement of the metal elements with respect to the surface of the roll or drum on which they are mounted.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a crushing roll having removable and interchangeable crushing rings, arranged in spaced relation along the roll andl cushioned for yielding movement in directions both radially and angularly with respect to the roll or drum by intervening resilient rings which, preferably, are also removable and interchangeable,

z'Y y Recommended embodiments of the inventio are illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

but it will be understood that the structural details of the apparatus herein shown and described may be varied to suit particular purposes or conditions without departing from the essence of this invention, as defined in the appended claims. In the drawings,Y

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a pair of the improved crushing rolls, a part of one roll being partly broken away and in section, and the other roll being shown in broken lines;

Fig. 2 is a section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary perspective of a resilient cushioning ring forming part of the roll of Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of a metal crushing ring forming part of the roll of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of the roll of Fig. 1 equipped with a modified form of crushing ring;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view of a crushing roll equipped with modified forms of crushing rings and cushioning elements;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of a crushing ring forming part of the roll of Fig. 6; and y i Y Fig. 8 is a fragmentary section ofthe roll of Fig. 6 equipped with a modied form of crushing ring.

In the'form chosen for the purpose of illustration in Figs. 1 to 4, the improved apparatus comprises a pair of substantially identical rolls or drums II and I2, respectively, mounted on steel shafts I3 and I4 respectively journaled in bearings I5 and I6 preferably mounted on rubber pads I1 on a bracket I8 equipped with a screw I9 for adjusting the relative position of the respective journal boxes. The interior roll 20 may .be a steel or cast iron cylinder or drum supported at its respective ends by spiders or heads 2| having hubs 22. The rotatable drum may be of any desired length and diameter for its intended purpose.

A plurality of annular bands or rings 23, of

hard rubber or other suitably firm but resilient material are applied to the surface of the drum 20, in parallel relation, by sliding them onto either end of the drum; and intervening rigid crushing rings 24 are similarly applied between each pair of cushioning rings. The rings 24 may be made of steel or iron, and are formed with a base flange 25 and a centralupstanding annular fin, rib or plate 2B having a series of teeth` or serrations 21 around its periphery, as best shown in Fig. 4.

The cushioning ring 23 has a base member 23, a top member 29 and a central, connecting web 3!) defining side slots 3l, as best shown in Fig. 8. The opposed slots of adjacent cushioningrings receive the base flange 25 of the intervening crushing ring (Fig. l) so that the crushing ring is mounted o n resilient cushioning elements disposed between its base and the surface of the drum 25, and the iin or tenon 26 is yieldingly held in upstanding position but is capable of tilting angularly with respect to the drum when pressure or resistance is applied to the. serrated edge of the tenon 26 which projects above the smooth top surfaces 29 'of the adjacent cushioning rings.

When thus assembled in interiittingy relation on the drum 2i) the series of alternate cushioningV rings and crushing rings are held against movement longitudinally of the drum by an- 'nular end plates 32, each bolted at 33 to a spider or head 2l and having an inturned annular flange 34, received in the slot 3i of the outermost cushioning rings23 (Fig. l). Removal of one or both retaining plates at the opposite endsof the crushing roll Vobviously permits the cushioning rings and crushing rings to besuccessively removed for repair or replacement of a similar crushing ring or a modified crushing ring such as shown, for example, in Fig. 5, where the crushing ring 35 has a Ycentral upstanding tenon 36 supporting an annular shoe 31 formed vwith surface ribs or flutes 38.- The shoes of adjacent crushing rings 36 overhang the adjacent cushioning rings and may nearly abut each other to provide an interrupted, metal surface composed of closely spaced segments eachof which is flexibly and resiliently supported for restrained movement radially of the drumv20 and also angularly with respect to the axis of the drum.

It will be understood that the cooperating roll I2 is constructed similarly to the roll Il. The ribs'or ns' of the'crushingrings of the respective rolls maybe opposedrto each other, as shown in Fig. 1, orvmay'be offset ifdesired. It will also 'be understood that the teeth or serrations 21 on the crushing ribs or plates 26 may take various forms and contours; and that the ribs or flutes 38 on the crushing shoes of Fig. 5 may also be 6 and 7, the metal drum 20 of the crushing roll is initially covered with a layer 39 of rubber or other resilient material which serves as a cushion for the baseof removable crushing rings 40 applied thereto. The rings or circular plates 43 are maintained in spaced parallel relation by intervening cushioning members, such as the pneumatic cushioning rings or tires I which permit restrained angular movement of the crushing rings t0, under the pressures of the coal crushing operation. The tires 4l may have inner tubes i2 provided with valve stems'43 extending through the rubber covering'3`9and the drum 20 and terminating in tips M at which tires may be inflated to the desired pressure after the deflated tires have been slidably applied to the rubber covered drum. 'j

The metal crushing. rings it preferably have flaring bases 45 generally conforming to the .contour of the tires 41, so vthat the parts are closely nested together when they are alternately slid endwise onto the rubber covered drum. The peripheral edges of the crushing rings may be equipped with teeth or serrations 46.

In the further modication illustrated in Fig. 8, the crushing rings 41 have bases similar to the rings 40, but are provided at their outer ends with annular shoes or flanges 48 which extend over the tops of the tires 4I and have projecting ribs or flutes. 49 similar to the spiral flutes 38 of Fig. 5 The edges of the shoes of adjacent crushing rings 41 are closely spaced when the rings and tires are assembled on the drum 2Q, as in the arrangement of Fig. 5.

The size and thickness of the cushioning elements above described will depend upon the degree of resiliency required for crushing lumps of i coal or other ores which are to be broken by passing them between the opposed rolls of the improved crushing apparatus. The crushing rings may be made of steel or other suitable metal and of any suitable size and shape to cooperatewith the associated cushioning rings or resilient elements in breaking the ore to the desired size. The outer margins of the crushing rings project beyond the outer surfaces or the cushioning rings, as the ribsor fins 26 and et of Figs. 4 and 1' or as overhanging shoes or plates or Figs. 5 and 8.l The teeth or other projections may, as aforesaid, be integral with the crushing ring or may be welded thereto, The diameter of the drums also depends upon the work to be performed. In breaking coal tov graded sizes, crushing rolls of graduated sizes maybe lused in successive operations, in accordance with conventional practice. I

The improved crushing apparatus is leffective in reducing the degradation of coal lumpsv into All.

small fragments or nes which, as aforesaid, are saleableY only at much lower prices than the desired sizes of anthracite coal. The apparatus may be employed for dry crushing of coal or other ores but is particularly eiiective when immersed in water or other liquid which contributes an additional cushioning effectand also aiords a lubricating action and retains the dust resulting from fragmentation of the coal. When it is desired to coat or spray the surfaces of the crushed aggregate for dust or moisture proofing purposes, the coating uid or liquid may be added tothe bath in which thercrushing apparatus is immersed.

The action of the resilient cushioning elements associated with the rigid crushing members permits the improved rolls to absorb a part of the shock of impact when large lumps are broken between the teeth or the crushing rolls, thereby not only reducing the shattering or the lumps into minute fragments but also tending to prolong the life of the roll drum and permitting the use of thinner drums than those required in the conventional crushing apparatus. The interchangeability of the crushing rings permits control of the crushing effort which is desired in any particular operation, and also permits damaged rings to be readily replaced when necessary without repairing or replacing a cornplete crushing roll.

I claim:

1. Ore .crushing apparatus having a pair of rotatable rolls at least one of which comprises a snart, a rigid drum, means carried by the shaft for securing the drum in ixed and immovable relation thereto, a plurality or rigid, annular crushine members disposed spaced parallel relation to each other along the Vexterior of the drum,

and means supporting said members in said relation, said means comprising a resilient layer surrounding the drum and engaging the bottoms of said members, and annular, removable, resilient elements disposed between the sides of adjacent members, for yieldingly supporting the respective crushing members in spaced relation to the surface of the drum and to each other.

2. Ore crushing apparatus having a pair of rotatable rolls at least one of which comprises a shaft, a rigid drum, means carried by the shaft for securing the drum in fixed and immovable relation thereto, a plurality of rigid, annular crushing rings disposed around the drum in spaced concentric relation to the drum and in spaced parallel relation to each other, a plurality of annular, removable, resilient cushioningr elements encircling the drum between each pair of crushing rings for yieldingly holding said rings in spaced relation, and resilient cushioning means encircling the drum between the crushing rings and the drum surface for yieldingly supporting said rings in spaced relation to the drum.

3. Ore crushing apparatus having a pair oi rotatable rolls at least one of which comprises a shaft, a rigid drum, means carried by the shaft for securing the drum zin xed and immovable relation thereto, a plurality of rigid, annular crushing rings disposed around the drum in spaced concentric relation to the drum and in parallel relation to each other, a plurality of resilient cushioning elements encircling the drum between each pair of crushing rings for yieldingly holding said rings in spaced relation, and resilient cushioning means encircling the drum between the crushing rings and the drum surface for yieldingly supporting said rings in spaced relation to the drum, said crushing rings and cushioning elements being removable from the drum, and means detachably secured to the ends of the drum and engaging the outermost of said elements for holding them on drum.

4. Ore crushing apparatus having a pair of rotatable rolls at least one of which comprises a shaft, a rigid drum, means carried by the shaft for securing the drum in fixed and immovable relation thereto, a plurality of rigid, annular crushing rings disposed around the drum in spaced concentric relation to the drum and in spaced parallel relation to each other, a plurality of resilient cushioning rings encircling the drum between each pair of crushing rings for yieldingly holding said rings in spaced relation, and resilient cushioning means encircling the drum between the crushing rings and the drum surface for yieldingly supporting said rings in spaced relation to the drum, said means constituting integral parts of said cushioning rings.`

5. Ore crushing apparatus having a pair of rotatable rolls at least one of which comprises a shaft, a rigid drum, means carried by the shaft for securing the drum in fixed and immovable relation thereto, a plurality of rigid, annular crushing rings disposed around the drum in spaced concentric relation to the drum andvin iii drum between each pair of crushing rings for yieldingly holding said rings in spaced relation, and resilient cushioning means encircling the drum between the crushing rings and the drum surface for yieldingly supporting said rings in spaced relation to the drum, said means consisting of a ccmpressible sheath on the surface of the drum.

6. Ore crushing apparatus having a pair of rotatable rolls at least one of which comprises a shaft, a rigid drum, means carried by the shaft for securing the drum in nxed and immovable relation thereto, a plurality or" rigid, annular crushing rings disposed around the drum in spaced concentric relation to the drum and in spaced parallel relation to each other, a plurality of resilient cushioning lrings encircling the drum between each pair of crushing rings for yieldingly holding said rings in spaced relation, and resilient cushioning means encircling the drum between the crushing rings and the drum surface for yieldingly supporting said rings in spaced relation to the drum, said crushing rings each having an annular fin projecting radially beyond the outer surface of the cushioning rings, and the edge of said nn having projections thereon.

7. Ore crushing apparatus having a pair of rotatable rolls at least one of which comprises a shaft, a rigid drum, means carried by the shaft for securing the drum in iixed and immovable relation thereto, a plurality of rigid, annular crushing rings disposed around the drum in spaced concentric relation to the drum and in spaced parallel relation to each other, a plurality of resilient cushioning rings encircling the drum between each pair of crushing rings yieldingly holding said rings in spaced relation, and resilient cushioning means encircling the drum between the crushing rings and the drum surface for yieldingly supporting said rings in spaced relation to the drum, the crushing rings each having a peripheral shoe overhangng the upper surfaces of adjacent cushioning rings,

spaced parallel relation to each other, a pluraly ity of resilient cushioning rings encircling the shoe having upstanding protuberances thereon.

HERMAN CS1-IEN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date A293,851 Hayden et al May 30, 1,5384 690,534 Sturtevant Jan. 7, 1902 851,757 Johnson Apr. 30, 1907 933,603 Wagg Sept. 7, 1909 1,058,948 Clark Apr. 15, 1913 1,226,718 Stone May 22, 1917 1,377,370 Stevenson May 10, 1921 1,412,793 Pardee Apr. 1l, 1922 1,748,828 Bowden Feb. 25, 1930 1,842,909 ,Lewinski Jan. 26, 1932 2,265,649 Krehbiel Dec. 9, 1941 2,444,088 Becker June 29, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 564,567 Great Britain Oct. 3, 1944 

